Underground blasting is a geotechnical engineering and rock mechanics concept and practice involving the controlled use of explosives within subterranean environments to fragment rock or dislodge material. As a research field, it investigates the complex physical processes initiated by explosive detonation in confined rock masses, including stress wave propagation, rock fracture mechanisms, ground vibration generation, and the resulting fragmentation and muckpile characteristics. Its significance lies in enabling efficient resource extraction, underground infrastructure development, and geological modification while managing associated hazards such as seismic effects and structural damage.